Why Penn Law Essay Samples Can Help You Improve Your Writing Skills

Why Penn Law Essay Samples Can Help You Improve Your Writing SkillsMany people use essay samples as an aid to sharpen their academic writing skills and they find that the practice helps them improve their writing skills and they learn more about the purpose of the essay. So if you have trouble with writing a good essay, don't hesitate to look at some sample essays so that you can improve your style and your writing skills as well.Law students who want to be successful with their studies will probably continue to write in class in order to make their studies more interesting. However, they might not always do so on their own. As such, they might use essay samples to improve their writing skills. By taking advantage of a good practice, you can greatly improve your essay writing skills, and this will help you have a better chance at passing the final exam.You can find the essay samples you need by simply doing a search for 'law essay samples' online. The good thing about doing so is tha t you will be able to find a large variety of practice essays that can help you improve your academic writing skills. On the other hand, you may also find some that will aid you in increasing your writing skills as well. What you should do is take a look at some sample essays so that you can see what works and what doesn't work.Good law school essay writers tend to hire essay writing services. Instead of doing the research themselves, they will use law school essay samples to help them hone their skills. Since most law schools require students to submit an essay on a certain topic or issue, they will provide practice essays to help them get started.As such, it would be a good idea to try out several samples before you decide on which one you will go with. It would be much easier to read a lot of different sample essays than it would be to read a single one, no matter how excellent the essay is. While you are reading a sample, you may find that the writer has done a good job of drawi ng out his point and explaining it in a clear and simple manner. Since this will be your first article, it would be very helpful to find an essay sample that does justice to your expectations.Once you have decided on a good essay, you would be very happy to find out that there are many resources on the Internet where you can read sample essays and look at different examples of essays that other students have written. This would help you to sharpen your writing skills so that you can write a good piece of essay. In addition, you would have a great place to read up on how the writers of the samples wrote their pieces of essay.These are just a few of the reasons why you would want to look into using essay samples so that you can be sure that you have a good essay. Using these samples can help you sharpen your writing skills, which will help you become a better essay writer and thus help you to pass the bar exam.

reaction essay about cinderella man - 1210 Words

ENIEI 124 – Oral Communication Intensive English Institute Ball State University Muncie, IN IEI Course Syllabus ENIEI 124-2D Kevin Daily MTWR 1:50-2:50 LB 127 Fall 2013/ Session 6 Office: RB 389 email:kmdaily@bsu.edu Office hours: MTWR 1:00 PM-1:45 PM, TR 4:00 PM– 4:45 PM and by appointment Brief Course Description Students will be able to build useful, communication skills in English in the United States through exploration and reflection of everyday readings and experiences. The class will be enriched by students’ own thoughts, traditions and cultures. Then they will be able to compare and contrast them with the North†¦show more content†¦Ball State University Class Attendance policy: (published in undergraduate catalogue-â€Å"Class Attendance†). A student’s official course program is regarded as a contract with the university. Since full performance requires, in part, regular and punctual class attendance, students are expected to attend all classes for which they are registered. Faculty will establish attendance policies for their courses and communicate those policies through course syllabi or outlines. Students who know they must be absent from a class should notify the instructor or departmental office. Courtesy requires that students speak to the instructo r and preferably present a signed and dated memo briefly stating the reasons for absence. Faculty members are responsible for keeping records of attendance of all students registered in each class. Students are responsible for completing any work they have missed. The faculty member is not required to do extra teaching to help students â€Å"catch up.† Holiday Observances: The IEI Department follows and observes all holidays and break periods identified by the University throughout the academic year and are considered excused absences. These dates can be found on the Ball State website calendar link. Other observances not identified by Ball State, such as those holidays and observances based on cultural customs, are not considered by the IEI department and the University as excused absences when students choose to remain absentShow MoreRelatedMale Gaze Essay2595 Words   |  11 Pageswoman but there is no such response for women. Men also have more linguistic power over women due to their social status in modern society. In more current times men have turned to visual arts to implement their control and power over women. In this essay I hope to demonstrate how women are and have been portrayed in relation to the ‘male gaze’ and how it is still very prevalent in contemporary modern culture through photography and other mediums, such as, cinema and advertising. I will be analyzingRead MoreFilm Review : Pretty Woman1827 Words   |  8 Pages In this essay I will aim to discuss and evaluate the film ‘Pretty Woman’ and how this film relates to feminist theories. Ways in which female and male characters are represented differently. It presents the relationship of a man and woman as one which is patriarchal and a very outdated. Feminism is the belief that all women should be allowed to portray the same rights and power as men do. The film Pretty Woman is a classical modern day story where the unfortunate girl meets a man who then turnsRead MoreDisney s Evolving And Adapting Their Ideologies And How Is Frozen s Narrative Challenging Patriarchal Themes?2353 Words   |  10 Pagesregarding a woman’s role in the household. The embedment of these ideologies from young ages consequences to them being engrained into the adult mind. For example, the concept of having a one soul mate or prince charming is a Disney ideology. This essay will discuss the Disney gender socialization a child is exposed to from young ages and how Disney is developing these ideologies from Snow White, to Beauty and the Beast, to the modern Brave and Frozen. The Disney timeline begins with Snow WhiteRead More Its Time For a Gay or Lesbian Disney Hero Essay2646 Words   |  11 PagesThe Walt Disney Company is well-known the world over for its magical â€Å"once upon a times† and wholesome â€Å"happily ever afters.† Stories like Cinderella, Snow White, and The Little Mermaid all feature captivating tales of beautiful young women who are pure of heart seeking adventure and true love. Disney paints the picture of a strong sense of faith and love, which act as guiding forces that provide access to a lifetime of happiness. Unfortunately, these stories all lack a crucial sense of diversityRead More Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five Essays3848 Words   |  16 PagesHiroshima and Nagasaki combined† (qtd. in Rense). Vonnegut saw a â€Å"mountain of dead people† in Dresden. â€Å"That makes you thoughtful,† he said; â€Å"It†¦made†¦you think about†¦death† (qtd. in Roloff). Years passed during which Vonnegut grappled with these thoughts of the Dresden problem and the fact that â€Å"there is nothing intelligent to say about a massacre† (Vonnegut, Slaughterhouse-Five 24). Finally, in 1969 Vonnegut published his anti-war masterpiece under the title of his prison address in Dresden: Slaughterhouse-FiveRead MoreThe Magic Toyshop by Angela Carter1954 Words   |  8 Pageshas been categorised as some as Magic Realism. In a Concise Glossary of Contemporary Literary theory this has been defined as â€Å"involve the sudden incursion of fantastic or magical elements into an otherwise realistic plot and setting†3. In this essay I will discuss how Carter exploits the fluid boundary between reality and fantasy. As stated above it can be said that The Magic Toyshop adapts narrative conventions borrowed from fairy tales I.e. there is an orphaned protagonist who has to leaveRead MoreWizard of Oz as a Fairytale Essay4056 Words   |  17 Pagesestablished we must then consider what constitutes a fairytale. Does it possess distinctive structural, stylistic or temporal features? What gives it its generic status and demarcates it from other forms of childrens literature? Part of this essay will focus on these and similar questions with the aim of ultimately concluding whether Frank L. Baums 1900 novel The Wizard of Oz (Oz) can feasibly rank within the generic confines of fairytale. Initially, though, as opposed toRead MoreEssay about Happy Endings True Love8166 Words   |  33 Pagesas a whole. -Raymond Bellour (Bellour, 1974, 16) You dont want to be in love - you want to be in love in a movie. -Becky, Sleepless in Seattle Reality and love are almost contradictory to me. -C#233;line, Before Sunset This essay is primarily concerned with the concept of the Hollywood romance happy ending. On a broader scale, it is also concerned with addressing the relationship of these endings to something which (I think it is fair to say) most believe Hollywood seldom attemptsRead MoreFrankenstein Study Guide14107 Words   |  57 Pagestwo-part Study Guide that contains a variety of resources for both you and your students. Use the Guide to plan your instruction of the work and enrich your classroom presentations. In For the Teacher you will find these time-saving instructor aids: †¢ About the Work: pertinent background information on the work and a detailed synopsis of its plot. †¢ Media Links: annotated listings of audio, visual, electronic, and print resources related to the work. †¢ Teaching Options: high-interest activities for introducingRead MoreKhasak14018 Words   |  57 Pagescontributed six novels, seven collections of short stories, six collections of political essa ys and a volume of satire. He has also translated his own works into English. He was a true visionary and India’s foremost fabulist in the recent past. His writing is as evocative as that of William Cuthbert Faulkner and Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Speaking of his enormous range one can notice his transition from the angry young man to the mature transcendentalist in his novels. His economy of words, intensive brooding

International Slave Trade Outlawed In America in 1807

The importation of African slaves was outlawed by an act of Congress passed in 1807, and signed into law by President Thomas Jefferson. The law was rooted in an obscure passage in the U.S. Constitution, which had stipulated that importing slaves could be prohibited 25 years after the ratification of the Constitution. Though the end of the international slave trade was a significant piece of legislation, it actually did not change much in a practical sense. The importation of slaves had already  been decreasing since the late 1700s. However, had the law had not gone into effect, the importation of slaves many have accelerated as the growth of the cotton industry accelerated following the widespread adoption of the cotton gin. Its important to note that the prohibition against importing African slaves did nothing to control the domestic traffic in slaves and the interstate slave trade. In some states, such as Virginia, changes in farming and the economy meant slave owners did not need great numbers of slaves. Meanwhile, planters of cotton and sugar in the Deep South needed a steady supply of new slaves. So a thriving slave-trading business developed in which slaves would typically sent southward. It was common for slaves to be shipped from Virginia ports to New Orleans, for instance. Solomon Northup, the author of the memoir Twelve Years a Slave, endured being sent from Virginia to bondage on Louisiana plantations. And, of course, an illegal traffic in slave trading across the Atlantic Ocean still continued. Ships of the U.S. Navy, sailing in what was called the African Squadron, were eventually dispatched to defeat the illegal trade. The 1807 Ban on Importing Slaves When the US Constitution was written in 1787, a generally overlooked and peculiar provision was included in Article I, the part of the document dealing with the duties of the legislative branch: Section 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person.   In other words, the government could not ban the importation of slaves for 20 years after the adoption of the Constitution. And as the designated year 1808 approached, those opposed to slavery began making plans for legislation that would outlaw the trans-Atlantic slave trade. A senator from Vermont first introduced a bill to ban the importation of slaves in late 1805, and President Thomas Jefferson recommended the same course of action in his annual address to Congress a year later, in December 1806. The law was finally passed by both houses of Congress on March 2, 1807, and Jefferson signed it into law on March 3, 1807. However, given the restriction imposed by Article I, Section 9 of the Constitution, the law would only become effective on January 1, 1808. The law had 10 sections. The first section specifically outlawed the importation of slaves: Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,That from and after the first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and eight, it shall not be lawful to import or bring into the United States or the territories thereof from any foreign kingdom, place, or country, any negro, mulatto, or person of colour, with intent to hold, sell, or dispose of such negro, mulatto, or person of colour, as a slave, or to be held to service or labour. The following sections set penalties for violations of the law, specified that it would be illegal to fit out ships in American waters to transport slaves, and stated that the U.S. Navy would enforce the law on the high seas. In subsequent years the law was often enforced by the Navy, which dispatched vessels to seize suspected slave ships. The  African Squadron patrolled the west coast of Africa for decades, interdicting ships suspected of carrying slaves. The 1807 law ending the importation of slaves did nothing to stop the buying and selling of slaves within the United States. And, of course, the controversy over slavery would continue for decades, and would not be finally resolved until the end of the Civil War and the passage of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution.

Hunger Games Sociological - 990 Words

Soc 1 Sociological analysis In the movie film The Hunger Games, the nation of Panem is a society very dissimilar to our own. This nation once began with 13 districts, until the thirteenth district chose to take action against the oppressors. They were quickly put down, the remaining 12 districts were punished and were forced to fund two participants which were known as tributes , a boy and a girl of young age to the Capitol each year to compete in the Hunger Games which is a brutal fight to the death. The winner of the huger games is then rewarded with a number of rewards, as well as their home district receives an extra amount of food for one year. The government of Panem administrates these annual â€Å"games† as a reminder†¦show more content†¦Other problems with hunger are visible, at one passage of the movie Katniss’ friend Gale pulls out a freshly baked roll of bread and her reaction is enthusiastic,If her response to bread says anything about the food situation then it is that they are on the edge of starvation. Hunger isn’t the only issue shown. The children of District 12 are shown as unsanitary, showing the poor conditions in District 12. The signs of poverty and hunger are just the first signs at the inequality present in Panem. Socialization plays a big part in this film. From different behaviors and values, to ideologies, socialization determines how society is run. The citizens of the Capitol are very different from those in the Districts. Those from the Capitol dress in flashy fashions, dye their hair in very bright colors, wear lots of makeup, speak in accent, and smell in what they call roses. When we see Katniss and the rest of the citizens residing in District 12, they seem to be dressed poorly in comparison, no makeup or hair dyes, and they certainly don’t smell anything like roses. When the ceremony before the hunger games happens, the children who are a part of it are dressed their best, wearing what is most appropriate to look their finest. They are trying to give the viewers the illusion of them being proper for the televisedShow MoreRelatedHunger Games Sociology Essay1098 Words   |  5 PagesSuzanne Collins’ novel The Hunger Games and its big screen adaptation follow the journey of a teenage girl in the dystopian country of Panem. Katniss Everdeen must fight to survive in a game of death against other youth from the twelve districts in Panem. However, The Hunger Games is not just a young adult genre obsession, but also a complex study of the social sciences. The symbolism and plot of The Hunger Games are prime examples of Sociology because they display different societal rules and normsRead MoreThe film The Hunger Games Essay1520 Words   |  7 PagesThe film The Hunger Games, released in 2012 and based off the first book of a literary trilogy, has become a source of entertainment and intrigue among many Americans. Featuring a futuristic and dystopian United States, it has captured the imagination for some and kindled a intense obsession for others. While on the surface this movie might seem to simply be a story with a riveting plot line about young love, vicious combat, and survival, it is much more than that. As most films do, if one takesRead MoreSoci ology of Hunger Games1719 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Sociology of â€Å"Hunger Games† By. Tom ************ Soc 101 11/17/13 Introduction The nation of Panem has risen out of the ravaged ruins of what was once known as North America. 74 years ago, the poverty-stricken districts of Panem rebelled against the wealthy, controlling the Capitol. After its crushing victory, the Capitol devised the Hunger Games as an annual reminder to the twelve districts of its authority, and as continuing punishment for the rebellionRead MoreThe Sociology of the Hunger Games Essay1026 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Capitol and 13 districts. Each year, two young representatives from each district are selected by lottery to participate in The Hunger Games; these children are referred to as tributes (Collins, 2008). The Games are meant to be viewed as entertainment, but every citizen knows their purpose, as brutal intimidation of the subjugated districts. The televised games are broadcasted throughout Panem as the 24 participants are forced to eradicate their competitors, literally, with all citizens requiredRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Hunger Games 891 Words   |  4 Pagesthe movie from a sociological perspective (approximately 1 page) : In the film of The Hunger Games, there are districts that are stratified, the bottom of the districts are those with the least amount of resources to survive. Those at the top control the resources by hosting an annual game that will test the strength and courage of two youth, â€Å"tributes,† to survive in a human hunting game. One male and one female are chosen at random from each district to participate in the game. There will onlyRead MoreComparing the Dystopian Elements in Suzenne Collins The Hunger Games and George Orwells 19841377 Words   |  6 Pageselements in Suzanne Collins’ The Hunger Games echo those in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four Dystopian literature adheres to certain conventions; the theme of a dystopian future typically encompasses a severely repressed society, with socio-political dysfunction and class stratification. Themes of surveillance, censorship and personal independence have been established by authors such as George Orwell, and are recurrent throughout 2008 novel â€Å"The Hunger Games† by Suzanne Collins, although OrwellianRead MoreWant Versus Need: Why is Humanity so Greedy?1691 Words   |  7 Pagesproblem. Taflinger says that Greed is necessary in our culture to a certain extent (â€Å"The Sociological Basis of Greed† 1). Every person needs some degree of greed to survive (â€Å"I Want It, I Want It Now† 1). Once we fulfill our basic needs, we search for a way to fulfill our wants. We have such a surplus of resources that often times our wants get confused as needs. When we can no longer satisfy the burning hunger of our wants, we become more and more greedy. We strive to fill the gaping hole inside usRead MoreSamantha Stebleton Dr. Fraley English 1510 3/10/14 â€Å"The Hunger Games† The book â€Å"The Hunger Games†1300 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Hunger Games† The book â€Å"The Hunger Games† is focused on a very structuralist society, the meaning of death, and mental capacity of humans to survive and will give people modern ideas to discuss. When the author Suzanne Collins wrote â€Å"The Hunger Games† she wanted people to be fascinated and at the same time open there eyes to possibilities. In this book she accomplished her goal, with her talent at writing. The book is very exciting and makes the reader contemplate many of sociological implicationsRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Max Weber1437 Words   |  6 Pages Social stratification is a concept used within sociology that explains the divisions and social inequalities of large groups of people within a particular society. The Hunger Games (2012) is a film that demonstrates this through amplifying how the power of the rich members in a polarised society are taking control of the poor and separating them in different districts which create specific social rankings. This essay will use the perspective of conflict theory to examine how Australian society isRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination And My Personal Values1176 Words   |  5 Pagesunavoidable and unconscious values that society pushes onto us often without our knowledge. Sociological imagination allows us to put ourselves in reality to understand ourselves and others using links between personal experience and social structure. Exploring the factors of socialization helps us to unpack and observe the ways in which the structural conditions affect our life. In this analysis, I will u se the sociological imagination as a tool to examine and link my personal values to public issues. As

Experiential Analysis Occupational Self Analysis Project

Experiential Analysis of Occupation Worksheet Occupational Self-Analysis Project Attach the excel pages that calculate the percentages of the experiential ratings to this worksheet. Use this data to analyze your experiential ratings and answer the following questions: What do these frequencies (of productivity, pleasure, vitality, and time-pressure) say about your patterns of your occupational experiences? Is one more prominent than the others? Do any co-occur? For each category, the highest frequency of ratings was four. For productivity, pleasure, and vitality, this meant that I was neither productive nor unproductive, neither displeasure or pleasure, and neither drained or renewed. This may mean that I am often engaging in tasks that†¦show more content†¦I also added the percentages for all experiences ranked over 4. The percentage of time I ranked myself as productive (ratings 5, 6, and 7) was 11.65% of the time. The percentage of time I ranked vitality as a 5, 6, and 7 was 12.06%. Finally, the percentage of time I ranked my experiences as pleasurable (ratings 5, 6, and 7) was 12.32%. I had more pleasurable experiences than productive or renewing experiences. What experiences were most common at certain times of the day (the morning, afternoon, evening)? For example, were you more productive in the early morning, mid-morning, early afternoon, late afternoon, evening or late night? Did you find more pleasure during meals or late afternoon? Look for your patterns. I tended to show more productive experiences in the morning or early afternoon. I was least productive late at night. I had the least amount of pleasurable experiences at work, in class and while working on homework. I had the most amount of pleasurable experiences spending time with others and relaxing. Breakfast and mornings tended to be more pleasurable. I found more pleasure in breakfast than other meals. I felt the most drained waiting for things to start, such as waiting for class or waiting for the bus. Additionally, I felt more drained coming home from work at night. I felt more restored when spending time with people and after organizing my schedule in the afternoons. I felt theShow MoreRelatedMarketing Research Topics1249 Words   |  5 PagesImportant Topics for Projects in Marketing Selection of research topic is the basic and important part of research report, thesis or dissertation. It requires a lot of energy, resources and time to choose an appropriate topic for the research. There are numerous factors which need to be taken into consideration before final selection of the research topic. For example a research topic should neither be too broad nor should be too narrow. Similarly, the topic should be researchable, interestingRead MoreDemography Of Dementia And Alzheimer s Disease2111 Words   |  9 Pageswas some variation in the attitudes based on respondents’ age, education, family contact with older adults and feeling of self-efficacy. For example, age was a predictor of positive evaluation; older staff members had positive evaluations of physically ill elderly persons and elderly persons with Alzheimer’s disease compared to younger staff members. Greater feelings of self efficacy among staff members resulted in more positive evaluations of each of the target groups. These negative perspectivesRead MoreBenefits of Focus Group Research Essay4046 Words   |  17 PagesIntroduction: Focus group research offers the unique opportunity for researchers to perceive an individual, and their opinions, not only in an exclusive situation, but also as part of a group. Within a group there is a wealth of tacit and experiential knowledge from the outset as in the course of most peoples lives they will have interacted with other people in group situations. Bryman (2001) refers to the focused interview as the precept for focus group research, The originalRead MoreTraining Need Analysis and Evaluation of Training Effectiveness13780 Words   |  56 PagesPROJECT TITLE: TRAINING NEED ANALYSIS AND EVALUATING TRAINING EFFECTIVENESS AT BHEL, HARIDWAR OBJECTIVES: †¢ To assess how the organizational objectives will be realized through the delivery of a staff training programme that will focus on improved and/or changed skills, knowledge and/or attitudes of those directly involved or affected by the ‘change’ †¢ To understand the process and importance of measuring training effectiveness in the organization †¢ To measure the expressed needs of trainingRead MorePersonal Development10144 Words   |  41 Pagesas a means of learning and that it is the process of studying about the self and triggered by the asking oneself about their actions and values that they follow during their day to day activities. The learning could take place either through the conscious level or through the sub conscious level. But then the main learning would come in only when an individual interacts with the external environment and not just within the self. The learning process involves a cycle which involves 4 major processes: Read MoreReflection in Practice7253 Words   |  30 Pagesmaking Practice-Based Learning work Reflection on PRACTICE A resource commissioned by the Making Practice Based Learning Work project, an educational development project funded through FDTL Phase 4 Project Number 174/02 and produced by staff from the University of Ulster. www.practicebasedlearning.org Author Patricia McClure School of Health Sciences, University of Ulster www.practicebasedlearning.org contents Reflection on Practice 02 The Role of ReflectiveRead MoreEssay Level 3 Certificate in Assessing Vocational Achievement3953 Words   |  16 Pages * Relies on learner motivation and literacy skills * Reflective skills need to be learnt | Case Study | * Realistic | * Time consuming | Expert Witness Testimonies | * Reliable | * Experts may not be available | Work-based Projects | * Realistic * Relevant | * Time consuming | Tests | * Instant * Easy to access | * Rely on information taught * Cheating | Accredited Prior Learning | * Background to level of understanding | * May be dated | AccreditedRead MoreEssay about Gender Differences in Sports2280 Words   |  10 Pagesthat any work that is anything less than perfect is unacceptable. Frost, Marten, Lahart, and Rosenblate (1990) define perfectionism as the setting of excessively high standards of performance in conjunction with a tendency to make overly critical self-evaluations. According to psychologist Don E. Hamachek perfectionism is considered on some levels as an unhealthy compulsive behavior. Perfectionism is also considered a stable pattern of thinking and behavior that changes relatively little over timeRead MorePersonal and Professional Development Essay5051 Words   |  21 PagesContents Task 1 2 1. Abstract 2 2. Why Personal and Professional Development Plan is Important 2 3. Career Selection 3 4. Short term and Long term plan 4 6. My Self-Evaluation 7 7. Continuous Profession Development Plan (CPD) 9 8. My Idol that I Choose 10 Task 2 11 1. Self-Assessment 11 2. My Gap-Analysis 12 3. Action Plan 12 Task 3 13 1. Personal Development Plan (PPD) 13 2. Job Search Techniques 14 3. My Cover Letter 14 4. My CV 17 Task 4 19 1. Conclusion andRead MoreReflection on Personal and Professional Development3816 Words   |  16 Pagesimportance of establishing a new call centre based on the theories about the reasons of building call centre. Based on existing literature about call centres, we summered up the advantages of call centres and examine the current status of DHL, thus our analysis gives a theoretical and practical ground of building DHL new call centre (Bruce et al, 2010). Latter analyzed the factors influencing the success of call centres so that we can adapt right strategy and avoid big failure (Chiara et al, 2006). The

Cinema In a World of Its Own Essay Example For Students

Cinema In a World of Its Own Essay The main question aimed to answer here is precisely if cinema is indeed a world of its own. Apparently simple, this question comprehends a wide range of aspects and specifities not only related to cinema but also to previous visual devices such as photography. Throughout the analysis of arguments, some opposing, some backing up the concept of cinema as a second world (Frampton, 2006: 1), other relevant issues will arise such as the way in which is possible for us to engage with film if we consider that it represents a world other than our own. In order to answer to the proposed question, one must first understand cinema as a technical visual device, perhaps one of the most effective when considering its capability of affecting individuals and society in general. When cinema appeared, and as noted by Crary (1988), it founded a new paradigm in the visual culture by causing a rupture with all the previous optical devices: cinema does not try to mirror any pre-existing reality; instead, cinema produces a new reality where its own realism, truth and objectivity are put to work. However, in the beginning of the 19th century there was still who believed that film promised the registration of pure materiality sans subjective intervention (Dasgrupta in Colman, 2009: 340), a expectation previously placed upon photography. Rancire eliminated this expectation by affirming that if the eye of the camera wants nothing, as previously stated by Epstein, that why it is made to want something by the film-maker (Rancire quoted in Dasgrupta, 2009: 340). This equally represents a turning point caused by cinema as it, contrarly to photography and even to the perspetive technique in painting, never denied its subjetive dimension, going even further by re-incorporating the human vision and accepting that the production of images is unavoidably connected with the establishment of points of view. In order to understand whether film is a reflection of reality or a distorted mirror of that same reality (Frampton, 2006: 3) one must analyse the not so short path of film production. In the analysis Baudry and Williams (1974) made about how the technical cinematographic apparatus can be used to conceal the ideological contents in film, they establish the moments in which that same apparatus intervenes in the film production. The authors recognised two key moments in which an instrumental base intervenes during film production: the first, identified as decoupage, happens between objective reality and the camera, consisting in the breakdown of the scenes which will be shot; the second moment happens between the inscription and the projection, in a process which is commonly known as post-production (1974: 40). The camera is here understood as an instrument which occupies an intermediate position, not undermining it as the operator of a key mutation of the signifying material (1974: 40). All these stages are considered by the authors to be part of the cinematographic specificity, which they assume, consists in transmuting the objective reality into the film itself. That transfiguration further includes the dynamization of space and, accordingly, spatialization of time (Panofsky in Cohen and Mast, 1974: 154) meaning that a film is capable of portraying events which took place during days, months or even years in a time frame of about 120 minutes. This technical approach to cinema and its instruments corroborates Framptons conception of film as its own world with its own intentions and creativities (2006: 5). Frampton himself approaches the act of cinematographic production as a process which transmutes reality, not denying that film uses it at an early and fleeting stage. However, that reality is almost instantly submitted to the film-mind which, as Frampton describes it, is the film itself (2006: 7), including its intentions. The first aim of the film-mind is to create a believable environment for the action (Perkins, 1993: 94) by including elements in the film-world which can be recognised by the spectator (Frampton, 2006). Secondly, the film-mind through the film-thinking is also responsible for designing and refiguring the film-world (Frampton, 2006: 7). Perkins gives a very relevant example of what is meant by film-thinking when, attributing that thought to the films director, shows he/she can control what happens within the image. The director is able to produce a personal treatment of the script situation by controlling the action, in detail, organization and emphasis (1993: 74). Plato's Two-World Theory EssayTaking into account all of films specificities and processes involved in its making, it becomes almost impossible to deny Framptons conception of it as a different world with its own rules (2006: 5). However, one can easily question how we engage with film to the point of feeling pleasure and enjoyment if it depicts fictional or even fantastical situations impossible to observe in our own world. Furthermore, how can film influence our emotional lives and also figure into the process by which a culture educates its members (Platinga in Allen and Smith, 1999: 398). Perkins denies theories of illusion which suggest that film can cause the spectator to engage with it to the point of making him forget that what is being presented on screen is not real (1993: 71). Platinga shares this view by stating that the spectator must have consistent awareness that what he views is artificial and that he is outside of the fictional world (1999: 379). Both authors are then obviously denying the ultimate characteristic of the simulacra (Deleuze, 1983; Debray, 1992), in what regards to film: the illusion and the interaction it produces, even when taken to a new level by the use of new technologies and film formats like the 3D display system and IMAX, are not enough for the spectators to perceive film as something which is within our reality. Platinga (1999: 376) also refuses to accept Neo-Freudian theories, like the one presented by Laura Mulvey who suggests the illusion of looking in on a private word as the main source of pleasure for the audience by letting them unwind their voyeuristic phantasy (in Hollows, Joanne et al, 2000: 241). By using a cognitive approach while studying the spectators involvement in films, Platinga (1999: 378) suggests that the emotional states experienced while watching a film depend on the cognitive response each individual has towards the situations portrayed. While referring to the thought theory, which proposes that we can have real affective responses not only to actual events but also to those we image, Platinga justifies how filmgoers have emotional responses while watching a film (1999: 380). Film can even have an impact outside the cinema, changing peoples values, behaviours and even their way of perceiving reality. That impact is achieved through repetition and promotion (making the scenario seem natural, morally correct, or in accordance with advanced tastes and attitudes) (Platinga, 1999: 389). By way of conclusion, it is now possible to state that, although not being the same, our world and the film world share a connection in the form of a symbiotic relation. Bibliography: Crary, J. 1988. Techniques of the Observer, October, Vol. 45, pp 3-35 JSTOR . Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/779041 Baudry, J.L. and Williams, A. 1974. Effects of the Basic Cinematographic Apparatus, Film Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp 39-47 JSTOR . Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1211632 Dasgrupta, S., 2009. Jacques Ranciere. In: Coleman, F., Film Theory and Philosophy: The Key Thinkers. Durham: Acumen, pp. 339-348 Debray, R., 1992. Douze thses sur lordre nouveau et une ultime question. In: Vie et mort de limage. Paris: Gallimard, pp. 491-506 Deleuze, G., 1969. Plato and the Simulacrum. Translated by: Krauss, R., 1983. October, Vol. 27, pp 45-56 JSTOR . Available at: http://jstor.org/stable/778495 Frampton, D., 2006. Introduction. In: Filmosophy. London: Wallflower, pp. 1-12 Harris, M., 2008. The Oscars Which editing is a cut above. The New York Times (January 6). Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/06/movies/awardsseason/06harr.html?_r=0 Mulvey, L., 2000. Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema. In Hollows, Joanne et al, The Film Studies Reader. London: Arnold, pp. 238-248 Panofsky, E., 1974. Style and Medium in the Motion Pictures. In: Cohen, M. and Mast, G., Film Theory and Criticism: Introductory Readings. London: Oxford, pp. 151-169 Perkins, V. F., 1993. The World and Its Image. In: Film as Film: Understanding and Judging Movies. Da Capo Press, pp. 71-115 Platinga, C., 1999. Notes on Spectator Emotion and Ideological Film Criticism. In: Allen, R. and Smith, M., Film Theory and Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 373-393 Gravity, 2013 . Directed by Alfonso Cuarn. United Kingdom and United States: Warner Bros., Esperanto Filmojm and Heyday Films.

American Psycho College Essay Paper Example For Students

American Psycho College Essay Paper Universal Studios presents the 1960 film Psycho by Alfred Hitchcock, adapted from the Robert Bloch novel by Joseph Stephano, and scored by Bernard Hermann. The film stars Anthony Perkins, Vera Miles, Janet Leigh, and a very creepy house. This film falling under the horror genre was based loosely on the novel of the same name which drew inspiration from real life serial killer Ed Gein, who has been the motivation for two other popular movies, The Silence of the Lambs and The Texas Chainsaw Massacre. The budget for Psycho ran under one million dollars and was the last film on Alfred Hitchcocks contract with Universal. The film was shot entirely on set at Universal studios except for an early shot of Marion Cranes (Janet Leigh) vehicle parked on the side of the road when she was too tired to continue driving, as well as the car dealership. Due to the budget constraints the films crew were made up of mostly people who were working on the, Alfred Hitchcock Presents television show. The fi lm is about a man named Norman Bates, who runs a motel owned by his family. Norman is a victim of his ill mothers love. His mother becomes violent when Normans attention has been detracted from her needs. This film is a study of character, suspense, and storytelling; all reasons this film is considered an American classic. This film is unique due to several factors: its presentation, it contained two different point of views (with an interpreted third point of view), and it has some of the most impressive camera work for its time. Psycho contains many symbols and techniques that pushed the limit of acceptable filmmaking in the 1960s. The violence had to be tamed in such a way that the audience would not be robbed of the experience. Hitchcock accomplished this by making the film in black and white. Not only did it aid him on the monetary front, but he felt the studio and the audience would be able to handle the graphic nature of the film with this technique. Ive interpreted the use of black and white as a tool as to not draw attention away from the focal point of the scenes. Without visual distraction, the viewer becomes more attached to each character. Another visual technique is the continuing motif of taxidermy. The characters discuss it briefly, there are some cutaway shots of the animals, but it is mostly left up to the viewer to infer the purpose of the visuals. The taxidermy is used to both foreshadow and symbol towards mother, and also a metaphor for Normans life. The blatant foreshadow is almost excuse d in the film because we are so infatuated with the dialogue in the parlour scene, which adds to its effectiveness. Meanwhile Norman is discussing in detail with Marion the tediousness of his life; he describes his daily routines about the bed sheets, and even admits to her that it is a routine that is hard to shake. He is empty inside as Norman Bates, much like the lifeless birds hanging on his wall. In comparison when he is mother, he isnt lifeless but rather an overabundance of jealousy greed and dependence. A symbol that I think is extremely overlooked is the money wrapped in the newspaper. Clearly symbolizing an escape for the Marion Crane character, it is brilliant the way that Norman overlooks it. He is so driven by his mother that he discards his way out to please the other half of his personality. All stories are developed first based on the point of view it is told from. Hitchcock has managed to tell the story from no less than three points of view. He first hired an estab lished movie star to play the lead role. Janet Leigh captured the sly innocence of the Marion Crane character. The movie begins with her view of the predicament she is in and her opportunity to change that predicament. Hitchcock and Stephano purposely created the Crane character to lead the audience down a false path to enhance the shock value for the upcoming events. By dutifully grinding a slow moving story around the character, by the time Norman Bates comes along, the